What is Capsule Endoscopy? How Capsule Endoscopy is Performed (Preparation, Risks, Results and Prices)

Capsule endoscopy is a modern method of examining the inner surface of the digestive system in detail thanks to a swallowable camera capsule, especially used in patients who need small bowel imaging. the short answer to the question “What is capsule endoscopy?” is that it is an imaging procedure that offers diagnostic value in areas (especially in the small intestine) that conventional endoscopy and colonoscopy have difficulty reaching, and generally does not require sedation.

But how is capsule endoscopy performed and how comfortable is the procedure for patients? Many people wonder whether they will feel pain during the procedure, how the capsule exits the body, when the results are reported, and how capsule endoscopy prices vary. In this article, we will address all these questions step by step; we will also clarify who it is suitable for, who it may be risky for, and what should be considered before, during and after the procedure.

Note: This content is for informational purposes. A gastroenterologist evaluation is required for a decision appropriate to your individual situation.

What is capsule endoscopy (video capsule endoscopy) and what does it do?

Capsule endoscopy (also known as video capsule endoscopy) is performed by swallowing a small capsule containing a camera, light source, battery and transmitter. The capsule takes multiple images per second as it travels through the digestive tract and transmits them to a recording device worn on the patient’s waist. This allows the doctor to obtain detailed images, especially in cases where a small bowel endoscopy** is required.

This method is most often preferred in the following cases:

• Suspicion of occult bleeding, occult blood positivity in feces
• Investigation of the cause of iron deficiency anemia (if gastric/colonic examinations are normal)
• Suspicion of Crohn’s disease or evaluation of small bowel involvement
• Suspicion of polyp/tumor in the small intestine
• Unexplained abdominal pain, diarrhea or suspicion of malabsorption in some patients (if deemed appropriate by the physician)

An important advantage of capsule endoscopy is that it can scan a large area in a “long and curved” region such as the small intestine. However, there is a limitation to keep in mind: Capsule endoscopy is mostly for diagnostic purposes, i.e. there is no possibility of taking a biopsy or administering treatment during the procedure as in conventional endoscopy. Therefore, if findings are detected, the physician may recommend additional investigations or interventions (e.g. double balloon enteroscopy).

How Capsule Endoscopy is Performed (Step-by-Step Procedure Day Process)

the answer to the question “How is capsule endoscopy performed?” varies slightly depending on the patient’s pre-procedure preparation and the clinical protocol, but the general flow is similar. The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis; hospitalization is often not required.

1) Brief assessment before the procedure

On the day of or before the procedure, your doctor will evaluate your complaints, previous gastroscopy/colonoscopy results, medications and possible risks. Additional evaluation for the risk of capsule retention is important, especially in patients with suspected intestinal stenosis/obstruction.

2) Installing the sensor and recorder

Some systems attach sensors to the abdomen; others use a belt-like device. The recorder is usually worn on the waist. This device records images from the capsule throughout the day.

3) Swallowing the capsule

The patient swallows the capsule with a glass of water. For most people, this is similar to swallowing a large pill. **Does capsule endoscopy hurt? Generally no; sedation/anesthesia is usually not required during the procedure. In patients with swallowing difficulties, the physician may consider alternative methods.

4) Day-to-day life and nutrition

Although clinical instructions may vary, clear liquids are usually allowed for a few hours after the procedure and light food afterwards. It is important to avoid heavy exercise during the day, not to wet the device and to follow the time schedule given by the doctor.
It’s a common question: “Can I go to the toilet?” Yes, you can go; the capsule progresses naturally and daily activities are mostly sustainable.

5) Delivery of the device

The extraction of the capsule usually takes place during the same day. practical answer to the question “How many hours does a capsule endoscopy take?”: The recording time is approximately 8-12 hours in most centers (depending on the system used). At the end of the period, the recorder is returned to the clinic and the images are transferred to the computer.

Preparation Before Capsule Endoscopy: Diet, Bowel Cleansing and Medicines

One of the most critical stages for a successful examination is the capsule endoscopy preparation. The aim is to improve image quality and provide a clearer view of the small bowel wall. Preparation protocols may vary by center, but the basic principles are similar.

Common steps in preparation

• Dietary pattern 1-2 days before: It may be desirable to reduce fiber and pulp foods. Some centers may recommend a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure.
• Fasting time: On the morning of the procedure, you are usually asked to come hungry for a certain number of hours.
• Bowel cleansing: Some clinics may recommend solutions for bowel cleansing. This can significantly improve image quality in capsule endoscopy.
• Medication arrangement:
  • your doctor may give special instructions for blood thinners, iron preparations, some diabetes medicines or other regular medicines.
  • Do not self-medicate; always act under the guidance of a physician.

Who can have capsule endoscopy and who cannot?

the question “who is not suitable for capsule endoscopy?” is as important as the question “Who is not suitable for capsule endoscopy?”. The procedure may not be appropriate or additional measures may be required in the following cases:

• Suspicion of intestinal stenosis/obstruction (risk of capsule insertion)
• Previous history of stenosis, some surgeries or suspicion of narrowing due to Crohn’s disease
• Difficulty swallowing (aspiration risk is rarely considered)
• Pregnancy (physician makes a risk-benefit assessment)
• Current guidelines on some cardiac devices (pacemaker/ICD) and device compatibility should be evaluated (the protocol of the center is decisive)

In these high-risk groups, the physician may recommend pre-testing the passage of the capsule through the intestine, if necessary with methods such as a “patency capsule” (transit capsule).

Content suggestion: If you have complaints about the small intestine, you can also take a look at our page small intestine diseases.

Risks, Results Process and Capsule Endoscopy Prices (2026)

Although capsule endoscopy is generally considered safe, like any medical procedure, it has some risks and limitations. Practical questions such as “when will the capsule endoscopy result be available?” and “capsule endoscopy prices” are also decisive in the decision process.

Risks and side effects of capsule endoscopy

• Capsule insertion (retention): This is the most discussed risk. The capsule may not be able to advance if there is a stricture in the intestine. In this case, the physician may plan to remove the capsule with additional imaging or endoscopic/surgical methods.
• Reduced image quality: Conditions such as inadequate preparation, bowel content or rapid transit can make images difficult.
• Skin irritation: There may be slight redness in the areas where the sensor is glued.
• MRI warning (very important): An MRI should not be planned before the capsule is removed from the body. Be sure to inform your doctor if you need an MRI.

How does the capsule leave the body and how many days does it take?

One of the most curious questions: “**How many days does it take for the capsule to leave the body?” The capsule is usually excreted naturally through feces within 24-72 hours. Most patients may not notice the capsule.
“**What happens if the capsule does not come out?” If you are not sure that the capsule has come out within a few days or if you experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, gas or stools, you should contact your doctor.

When are the results available?

the answer to the question “When will the capsule endoscopy results be available?” depends on the workload of the center and the length of the images. Careful viewing of the images by the physician takes time; the report can be prepared within several days in most centers. If urgent findings are detected, a faster turnaround is possible.

How do capsule endoscopy prices (2026) vary?

It may not be correct to give an exact price because capsule endoscopy prices vary according to the following factors

• City and institution (private hospital, university hospital, private clinic)
• Equipment and software used (image quality/technology)
• Reporting process (expert assessment, additional consultation)
• Additional steps in case of risk (e.g. patency capsule, pre-imaging)
• SSI/private insurance coverage and institutional agreements

Therefore, the healthiest approach is to clarify the price information together with a personalized plan after the examination.

For more information: *you can also review our article *Differences between endoscopy and colonoscopy**; it becomes more understandable when which method is preferred.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Does capsule endoscopy replace colonoscopy?

Not always. Capsule endoscopy is particularly powerful for small bowel imaging, while colonoscopy is indispensable in many cases as it allows biopsy and treatment of the large bowel.

Does capsule endoscopy hurt, do I need anesthesia?

It is usually painless and most patients do not require sedation/anesthesia. The capsule is simply swallowed; the procedure is non-invasive.

Can I go to work/school during the procedure?

Most people can continue their daily light activities. It is still necessary to protect the device, avoid heavy exertion and follow clinic instructions.

Can pacemakers have capsule endoscopy?

It depends on the condition and the device used. The decision is made in accordance with the protocol of the center with gastroenterology and cardiology evaluation.

Is capsule endoscopy covered by the SSI?

Coverage may vary according to indication, hospital type and current reimbursement rules. For the most accurate information, confirmation should be obtained from the institution.

Medical evaluation note: This article is for general information purposes. The most accurate plan is determined by a physician examination according to your complaints, additional diseases and medications you use.